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Abuhussain, M (2020) An assessment of the Saudi Residential Buildings Envelope Code under the current and future climate change scenarios: the case for Jeddah in the hot and humid climate region, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Akade, S A (2017) Understanding the impact of culture on project execution in a developing country: an action research study of six international oil and gas companies in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Akinnola, P (2021) Improving project performance on construction projects through stakeholder management-an action research inquiry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Aksenova, G (2020) The dark side of ecosystem orchestration: an empirical investigation of building information management in the digital built environment sector, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al Hawsah, M O (2020) The impact of project sponsors' decisions on the success of projects: An action research study, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al-Ashaikh, M H (1996) Project management in the public sector of Saudi Arabia, problems and solutions, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al-Gathafi, M M (2005) Riskness of time and cost overruns and the effectiveness of risk response measure strategies in the Libyan construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Al-Hachami, Z (2020) Decision making in the oil and gas construction project management: structured VS discretionary, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al-Omari, T (2004) Stochastic regression modelling of cost and duration overrun of construction projects implemented in Kuwait, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Alattyih, W (2015) Value creation and risk assessment for green building design in Saudi Arabia, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Aljarman, M (2016) Emerging risk from the application of building information modelling through the life cycle of projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Alzaed, A (2012) User centered passive building design, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Alzahrani, A (2015) Uncovering the emerging risks from climate change scenarios and related climate change risk management in the building sector in the UK, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Alzahrani, S (2015) Dynamic simulation of the impact of risk events and risk cost in KSA PPP projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Bassanino, M N (1999) The perception of computer generated architectural images, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool (United Kingdom).

Binsarra, F A (2016) Uncovering the structure and the dynamic of information propagation in building, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Blyth, K A (2002) A computer model that forecasts the cash flow of building projects at the tender stage using stage payments, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Elhag, T M S (2004) Tender price modelling: artificial neural networks and regression techniques, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture & Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Evans, R C (2002) Dynamic cash flow forecasting model for construction contractors, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Feldbauer, R R (2019) Mindful project management: a framework to enhance underperformance managing large hospital builds by incorporating principles adapted from High Reliability Organizations, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Gee, S (2019) The development of an innovative, lean, mobile factory system to manufacture timber frame closed panels in temporary locations for use in the Assembly of Houses in the Affordable Rented Sector, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Gholami, E (2017) Exploiting BIM in energy efficient domestic retrofit: evaluation of benefits and barriers, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Gkeredakis, E (2009) Explaining the distinctiveness of coordination through an in-depth study of a major construction project, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Management School, University of Liverpool.

Hepworth, A (2021) Decision-making in immature projects organisational environment: A mental model approach that influences conscientious critical thinking, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Ibrahim, A M (2019) A method to support leadership effectiveness in a construction project organisation in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Jervis, E (2015) Lowering CO2 emissions: a framework for overcoming institutional pressures and diffusing low carbon strategy throughout the construction supply chain, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Khodadadyan, A (2021) Living and future tools for risk assessment: an examination of the possibilities for fusion, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Kirkham, R J (2002) A stochastic whole life cycle cost model for a national health service acute care hospital building, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Kori, S i (2017) BIM business value creation for SME architectural firms in Nigeria using intellectual capital development, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

  • Type: Thesis
  • Keywords: components; evaluation; feedback; innovation; reliability; analytical hierarchy process; case study; focus group; interview; questionnaire survey; regression analysis; Nigeria
  • ISBN/ISSN:
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.17638/03018494
  • Abstract:
    BIM has solidified its position in bringing efficiency to the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. However, the shift to its adoption and implementation in the emerging markets has brought distortion in both the business processes and environment for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME architectural) in the industry. This is due to their limited resources to absorb the initial costs associated with such a shift. The starting point for this study was based on exploring the potentials in the development of Intellectual Capital (IC) of the SME architectural firms. This is because, even if the ability of these firms to mobilise the resources is small, the strategic decisions regarding their orientation towards a higher level of intensity in IC elements are under their control, and that can be a major catalyst for the BIM success. As a result, the study is built on Lu and Sexton’s (2009) Theory of Innovation in Small Professional Firms. Based on this theory, BIM adoption process is approached as a Knowledge-based Innovation which occurs with the development of four IC elements; Human Capital (HC), Relationship Capital (RC) and Structure Capital (SC) through Knowledge Capital (KC) to achieve BIM Business Value Creation (BBVC). This study investigates the theoretical link between the development of these four IC elements and BBVC in SME architectural firms in emerging markets; in this case Nigeria. The aim of the research is to use this evaluation framework to develop a viable business model for management and evaluation of the IC in SME architectural firms towards BBVC. The study is designed in three stages, namely through empirical enquiry, analysis, and synthesis. The empirical enquiry comprises theory formulation and fieldwork data collection; theory formulation is achieved through proposing an evaluation framework using a systematic literature review on the four elements of IC. The evaluation framework constitutes a set of independent variables comprising thirteen components categorised under the four IC elements. Each component is defined by a set of indicators, and the proposition aims to find the relationship between these indicators and components of the IC and a dependent variable concerning the BBVC capability of SME architectural firms. The evaluation framework is used to guide the collection of fieldwork data, which involves a questionnaire survey and case study interviews with a sample of SME architectural firms in Nigeria. Using multiple regression analysis on the survey data enables an evaluation of the framework. Each component and its sets of indicators represent an independent model of regression. The outcome provides statistical evidence of the relationship between the two main variables; it also gives the Relative Weighting Value (RWV) for each indicator on the components it represents and their effects on the BBVC. The case study analysis, involving six SME architectural firms identified from the survey sample as they have relatively significant BIM capabilities, is used to triangulate the data with the survey results and provide the RWV for the components and the fours ICs. The case study analysis uses two approaches: firstly, through an exploratory study of the semi-structured interviews, which is based on themes from the 13 IC components and helps to identify the different indicators employed by firms during the BBVC. Secondly, the Eigenvector method is applied to analyse a pairwise comparison judgement where each of the components discussed in the interview is compared and their relative importance weighted. The outcome helps to establish the reliability and validity of the survey data and provide the RWV of the 13 components and four elements of the ICs. The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between the BBVC and the development of the ICs of SME architectural firms. This development occurs through fostering the motivation and capability of Human Capital, which is the most important aspect driving BBVC. The second ranked factor is the development of the support and capability of the Structure Capital, and the motivation and network resources resulting from the Relationship Capital. The least important aspect of the development is the resource management of the Knowledge Capital. The findings also involve the identification of the different RWV of each of the 13 components under the four Capitals, and the RWV of the various sets of indicators that define the 13 components. The findings enable the synthesis of a Strategic Business Model (SBM) using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) concept. The SBM depicts the prioritisation of the IC elements, based on the following four levels; Indicator, Component, Capital and Organisation Goal. The SBM enables the practitioners to manage, prioritise and optimise their IC amidst limited resources through identification and evaluation of the focus area of development. Through a focus group with experts from the industry, the SBM is further validated practically on three criteria, namely; implementability, usefulness and generality. The feedback is used to refine the model and describe its practical implications.

Makwiranzou, C (2019) Building trust and managing risk between the client, consultant, and contractor in traditional and relational construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Morton, R R (1982) The speculative housebuilding industry in the nineteen seventies, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Munir, M (2020) Development of a building information modelling asset value realisation model, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Nizam Shaikh, R (2019) BIM-based investigation of total energy consumption in delivering buildings as a product, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Raimi, T (2017) Achieving customer satisfaction in a private housing organisation in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Salih, A (2020) Project management information system introduction: Challenges and remedies in a construction context, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Savva, C (2023) Lessons that can be learnt using action research strategies within TfL, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool (United Kingdom).

Sujan, S F (2020) A holistic and systemic model of collaboration in the AED industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Sutton, R M (2019) The development of a sustainable construction design process, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Tomlinson, J (1998) A premises occupancy cost forecasting model, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool.

Wanous, M (2000) A neurofuzzy expert system for competitive tendering in civil engineering, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Wellings, F (2005) The rise of the national housebuilder: A history of British housebuilders through the twentieth century, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Xi, J (2013) Evaluating the functional performance of small-scale public demountable buildings, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Zou, Y (2017) Building information modelling and knowledge-based risk management system, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.